Diseases and problems of the reproductive system in cows

1. Uterine inflammation (Metritis / Endometritis)

• When does it appear: mainly after calving

• Causes: bacterial infection, poor hygiene during childbirth

• Signs:

• Smelly vaginal discharge

• Fever

• Decreased appetite and milk production

• Treatment: antibiotics, uterine lavage, supportive care

2. Retained Placenta

• When: If the placenta does not come out within 12–24 hours after delivery

• Risks: May cause uterine inflammation

• Causes: Mineral imbalance (especially calcium), difficult labor

• Treatment: Sometimes do not forcefully pull – give antibiotics and supportive care

3. Difficulty getting pregnant (Infertility)

Causes:

• Hormonal problems

• Unbalanced nutrition

• Uterine diseases

Signs:

• Lack of heat

• Failure to conceive

• Treatment: Nutritional balance, hormonal treatments, veterinary examinations

4. Ovarian Cysts

What is it: Unruptured follicles that remain in the ovary

Signs:

• Persistent or absent estrus

• Treatment: Hormones (such as GnRH or prostaglandins)

5. Abortion

Common causes:

• Infectious diseases (such as brucellosis, IBR)

• Stress or poor nutrition

• Danger: Contagion to the herd

• Treatment/prevention: Vaccinations, isolation, proper management

6. Mastitis

• Although it belongs to the udder, it is directly related to fertility

Signs:

• Milk lumps

• Swelling and pain in the udder

• Effect: Decreased fertility and milk production

7. Silent Heat

• What it is: A cow ovulates but shows no signs of heat

• Causes: Hormonal imbalance, environmental conditions

• Solution: Monitoring, hormonal synchronization

8. Uterine Prolapse

• When: Immediately after calving

• Sign: Uterus protrudes

• Emergency! Requires immediate veterinary attention

Main risk factors

• Unbalanced diet (lack of energy, minerals)

• Poor housing conditions

• Stress

• Poor hygiene during farrowing

Prevention is important

• Proper nutrition (calcium, energy, vitamins)

• Maintaining cleanliness during calving

• Monitoring heat and insemination

• Periodic vaccinations

*It is always advisable to consult a qualified veterinarian.